![]() The competition was won by Trijntje Pieters Westra. ![]() The first known official speed skating competition for women was in Heerenveen, the Netherlands from 1 to 2 February 1805. While in the Netherlands, people began touring the waterways connecting the 11 cities of Friesland, a challenge which eventually led to the Elfstedentocht. It was iron-bladed skates that led to the spread of skating and, in particular, speed skating.īy 1642, the first official skating club, The Skating Club Of Edinburgh, was born, and, in 1763, the world saw its first official speed skating race, at Wisbech on the Fens in England for a prize sum of 70 guineas. However, skating and speed skating was not limited to the Netherlands and Scandinavia in 1592, a Scotsman designed a skate with an iron blade. Later, in Norway, King Eystein Magnusson, later King Eystein I of Norway, boasts of his skills racing on ice legs. This has already been described in 1194 by William Fitzstephen, who described a sport in London. For example, winters in the Netherlands have never been stable and cold enough to make ice skating a regular way of travelling or a mode of transport. In contrast to what people think, ice skating has always been an activity of joy and sports and not a matter of transport and travel. The origins of speed skating date back over a millennium in the North of Europe, especially Scandinavia and the Netherlands, where the natives added bones to their shoes and used them to travel on frozen rivers, canals and lakes. Speed skating match on the Zuiderzee near Hindeloopen, Netherlands, in 1828 In the Netherlands, marathon competitions may be held on natural ice on canals, and bodies of water such as lakes and rivers, but may also be held on artificially frozen 400 m tracks, with skaters circling the track 100 times, for example. This is also a feature of outdoor marathons. Inline skating can also be held on closed road courses between 400 and 1,000 metres, as well as open-road competitions where starting and finishing lines do not coincide. Inline skating rinks are between 125 and 400 metres, though banked tracks can only be 250 metres long. Oval sizes vary in short track speed skating, the rink must be an oval of 111.12 metres, while long track speed skating uses a similarly standardized 400 m rink. Most speed skating races are held on an oval course, but there are exceptions. Relay races are also held in short track and inline competitions, but here, exchanges may take place at any time during the race, though exchanges may be banned during the last couple of laps. Team races are also held in long track speed skating, the only team race at the highest level of competition is the team pursuit, though athletics-style relay races are held at children's competitions. In mass-start races, skaters will usually be allowed some physical contact. In long track speed skating, almost any infringement on the pairmate is punished, though skaters are permitted to change from the inner to the outer lane out of the final curve if they are not able to hold the inner curve, as long as they are not interfering with the other skater. ![]() Races usually have some rules about disqualification if an opponent is unfairly hindered these rules vary between the disciplines. Among them are elimination races, where one or more competitors are eliminated at fixed points during the course simple distance races, which may include preliminary races endurance races with time limits instead of a fixed distance points races and individual pursuits. In the regulations of roller sports, eight different types of mass starts are described. There are variations on the mass-start races. A World Cup circuit is held with events in those countries plus two events in the Thialf ice hall in Heerenveen, Netherlands. There are top international rinks in a number of other countries, including Canada, the United States, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, Kazakhstan, China, Belarus and Poland. The sport enjoys large popularity in the Netherlands, Norway and South Korea. The International Skating Union (ISU), the governing body of competitive ice sports, refers to long track as "speed skating" and short track as "short track skating".Īn international federation was founded in 1892, the first for any winter sport. In the Olympic Games, long-track speed skating is usually referred to as just "speed skating", while short-track speed skating is known as "short track". Types of speed skating are long track speed skating, short track speed skating, and marathon speed skating. ![]() Speed skating is a competitive form of ice skating in which the competitors race each other in travelling a certain distance on skates. ![]()
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